A $5\mathrm{.}2$ L of ethanol$$water mixture at $20$ oC is to be distilled at $1$ atm using Armfield

Batch Distillation Column available in our laboratory which has $8$ trays plus reboiler. Prior to

taking samples from both bottoms $($reboiler$)$ and top $($distillate$)$ within $30$ minutes time interval

during $1$ h operation under reflux ratio of $5\mathrm{.}5,$ system is operated under total reflux mode to reach

equilibrium. Samples are weighed by previously calibrated pycnometer $(10\mathrm{.}540$ mL$)$ to find their

ethanol composition in mol $\%$ and the instantaneous experimental data as gram of sample measured

in pycnometer are tabulated below for both distillate and bottoms.Question $2$: A $5\mathrm{.}2L$ of ethanol$-$water mixture at $20C$ is to be distilled at $1$ atm using Armfield

Batch Distillation Column available in our laboratory which has $8$ trays plus reboiler. Prior to

taking samples from both bottoms $($reboiler$)$ and top $($distillate$)$ within $30$ minutes time interval

during $1h$ operation under reflux ratio of $5\mathrm{.}5,$ system is operated under total reflux mode to reach

equilibrium. Samples are weighed by previously calibrated pycnometer $(10\mathrm{.}540mL)$ to find their

ethanol composition in mol$\%$ and the instantaneous experimental data as gram of sample measured

in pycnometer are tabulated below for both distillate and bottoms.

$*$Not determined. $($Hint $1$: at $t=0$ system operates under total reflux mode$)$

$($a$)$ Determine the theoretical number of trays using McCabe Thiele Method and the overall

tray efficiency at the end of $1h.$

$($b$)$ Calculate the amount of distillate collected and bottoms left after $1h$ operation.

$?($c$)$ The ultimate vapor composition that can be obtained at $1$atm is $95\mathrm{.}6wt\%$ ethanol since it

is an azeotropic mixture. How can you further obtain $99\mathrm{.}9wt\%$ purity of ethanol?

$($d$)$ What would you expect for distillate composition as reflux ratio increased? Explain it with

the corresponding parameter investigated in your own experiment.