(a) A fixed-bed reactor was used to study the deactivation of two catalysts: a1,a2. The feed rate of pure reactant A was 7kmolh1; and 0.5 ton of each catalyst was used at a pressure of 2.5atm; temperature 700K, and an ideal gas constant was 82.06106m3atmmol1K1. Equations for the rate of reaction (Equation 4.1), conversion of the reactant A (Equation 4.2), and rates of deactivation for each catalyst ( a1 : Equation 4.3, a2 : Equation 4.4) are given in Table Q4.1. TABLE Q4.1. Considering the information and the equations provided, calculate: (i) The rate of deactivation for each catalyst (a1, and a2) for the times t=0,50, and 100 days. (6 marks) (ii) The conversion of reactant A, for t=0,50, and 100 days, for the rate of deactivations (a1,a2) calculated in (ii). (5 marks) (iii) Graphically compare the conversion of reactant A versus the time for the rate of deactivations for a1, and a2, AND select a catalyst for 50 days operation; justify your selection. (6 marks) (b) A catalyst in powder form with a density of 2.25gcm3, and a mass of 3750mg, was used to carry out a chemical reaction in a lab-scale reactor. The catalyst was contained in a cylindrical vessel to form a bed with a diameter of 8.5mm and 25mm long. Calculate the porosity of the catalyst bed AND explain the meaning of the calculated value. (3 marks) (c) With the aid of a diagram explain the difference in pressure drop (P) for a fixed-bed and a fluidised bed system. Indicate the location for: minimum fluidisation velocity, terminal velocity, and entrainment. (a) A fixed-bed reactor was used to study the deactivation of two catalysts: a1,a2. The feed rate of pure reactant A was 7kmolh1; and 0.5 ton of each catalyst was used at a pressure of 2.5atm; temperature 700K, and an ideal gas constant was 82.06106m3atmmol1K1. Equations for the rate of reaction (Equation 4.1), conversion of the reactant A (Equation 4.2), and rates of deactivation for each catalyst ( a1 : Equation 4.3, a2 : Equation 4.4) are given in Table Q4.1. TABLE Q4.1. Considering the information and the equations provided, calculate: (i) The rate of deactivation for each catalyst (a1, and a2) for the times t=0,50, and 100 days. (6 marks) (ii) The conversion of reactant A, for t=0,50, and 100 days, for the rate of deactivations (a1,a2) calculated in (ii). (5 marks) (iii) Graphically compare the conversion of reactant A versus the time for the rate of deactivations for a1, and a2, AND select a catalyst for 50 days operation; justify your selection. (6 marks) (b) A catalyst in powder form with a density of 2.25gcm3, and a mass of 3750mg, was used to carry out a chemical reaction in a lab-scale reactor. The catalyst was contained in a cylindrical vessel to form a bed with a diameter of 8.5mm and 25mm long. Calculate the porosity of the catalyst bed AND explain the meaning of the calculated value. (3 marks) (c) With the aid of a diagram explain the difference in pressure drop (P) for a fixed-bed and a fluidised bed system. Indicate the location for: minimum fluidisation velocity, terminal velocity, and entrainment