(a) Bailey and Sons has a levered beta of 1.10, its capital structure consists of 40% debt and 60% equity, and its tax rate is 40%. What would Bailey's beta be if it used no debt, i.e., what is its unlevered beta?

(b) Cartwright Communications is considering making a change to its capital structure to reduce its cost of capital and increase firm value. Right now, Cartwright has a capital structure that consists of 20% debt and 80% equity, based on market values. (Its D/S ratio is 0.25.) The risk-free rate is 6% and the market risk premium, (kM kRF), is 5%. Currently the company's cost of equity, which is based on the CAPM, is 12% and its tax rate is 40%. What would be Cartwright's estimated cost of equity if it were to change its capital structure to 50% debt and 50% equity?