A bicycle repair shop replaced a wheel on Zoe's mountain bike after she had run over a nail in the street. The repairman said that, although the new tire was not the same brand that had been on the bike when she bought it, not only was it of better quality and would be dependable, it was less expensive too. As Zoe biked down a busy street the tire tube popped causing her to lose control and fall into traffic. She suffered broken bones and internal injuries resulting in lost pay at work. Zoe's lawyer suggested using estoppel as grounds for her case. Which of the following are elements upon which estoppel can be used to argue her case?

Multiple Choice

The bicycle repairman intended that the promise should be acted upon by Zoe.

Zoe relied upon the promise made by the repairman.

Zoe acted or changed her position because of the promise that was made by the repairman.

The bicycle repairman made a promise intending it to affect their relationship with Zoe.

All of the responses are correct.