A bioreactor hosts a genetically improved cell strain of B$.$ lactofermentum to convert glucose to glutamic

acid $($C $2$ H$9$ NO$4)$ for production of MSG and other products. The cells metabolize glucose according to

the following balanced chemical reaction:

C $6$ H$12$ O$6($s$)+$ NH$3($g$)+1\mathrm{.}5$O$2($g$)$ C$5$ H$9$ NO$4($l$)+3$H$2$O$($l$)+$ CO$2($g$)$

The liquid$-$phase inlet stream contains water and glucose; the mass fraction of glucose is $0\mathrm{.}05.$ The liquid

phase inlet flow rate is $200$ kg$/$hr$.$ The liquid flow rate of the unreacted glucose is $2\mathrm{.}0$ kg$/$hr$.$ Ammonia

and oxygen enters in a separate gas phase stream. Carbon dioxide as well as excess ammonia and oxygen

leave in a second gas phase product stream.

The system is operated continuously, and reaction products and excess reactants are removed such that no

accumulation occurs. The inlet and outlet streams are at $25\backslash$deg C$.$

What rate of heat should be added or removed from the system to maintain the bioreactor at a

steady temperature? Report your answer in kJ$/$hr$.$

Standard heats of formation:

Glutamic Acid: $-1011\mathrm{.}6$ kJ$/$mol

Glucose: $-1274$ kJ$/$mol

CO$2$ : $-394$ kJ$/$mol

H$2$ O: $-286$ kJ$/$mol

NH$3$ : $-46\mathrm{.}11$ kJ$/$mol