a. Calculate ratios for the pink shaded areas. Prior ratios are given. Use formulas.

b. Using the ratios you calculated and other ratios provided in the file, analyze the profitability and efficiency of the company for the relevant years.

Ford Motor (F) 2016-12 151.800 2017-12 156.776 2018-12 160.338 2019-12 155.900 Revenue USD Mil Gross Margin % Operating Income USD Mil Operating Margin % Net Income USD Mil Earnings Per Share USD Dividends USD Shares Mil Book Value Per Share * USD Operating Cash Flow USD Mil Cap Spending USD Mil Free Cash Flow USD Mil Free Cash Flow Per Share USD Working Capital USD Mil 13.917 8,9 7.602 1,93 0,6 3.998 13.020 8,6 4.596 1,15 0,6 3.999 7,78 19.792 -6.992 12.800 3,1 18.180 12.666 7,9 3.677 0,92 0,6 3.998 8,98 15.022 -7.785 7.237 2,26 19.080 10.046 6,4 47 0,01 0,6 4.004 8,92 17.639 -7.632 10.007 2,15 15.915 2020-12 127.144 11,3 4.199 3,3 -1.279 -0,32 0,15 3.973 8,09 24.269 -5.742 18.527 4,03 19.552 8,19 18.096 -7.049 11.047 2,67 21.302 2018-12 Price/Earnings Price/Book 2016-12 N/A N/A 2017-12 11,35 1,52 4,94 0,85 2019-12 2020-12 23,25 N/A 1,04 1,09 Current 15,35 1,5 2019-12 Margins % of Sales Revenue COGS Gross Margin SG&A 2016-12 100 83,39 16,61 8,03 2017-12 100 83,77 16,23 7,35 2018-12 100 84,99 15,01 7,11 100 86,4 13,6 7,16 2020-12 100 88,68 11,32 8,02 R&D Other Operating Margin Net Int Inc & Other EBT Margin 8,58 -4,1 4,48 8,88 -3,68 5,2 7,9 -5,19 2,71 6,44 -6,85 -0,41 3,3 4,18 -0,88 2018-12 2019-12 2020-12 2016-12 2017-12 3,03 0,66 0,63 0,62 0,61 0,48 Net Margin % Asset Turnover (Average) Return on Assets % Financial Leverage (Average) Return on Equity% Return on invested Capital % Interest Coverage 8,71 8,16 15,9 6,62 1,69 7,39 23,73 9,27 1,8 7,14 10,38 6,42 1,41 7,79 0,14 3,76 0,94 -4 3,07 0,89 2016-12 2017-12 2018-12 2019-12 2020-12 Current Ratio Quick Ratio Financial Leverage Debt/Equity Debt/Asset 1,07 8,16 3,2 1,08 7,39 2,94 1,04 7,14 2,8 0,99 7,79 3,08 1,05 8,71 3,63 2016-12 2017-12 2018-12 2019-12 2020-12 165,47 34,95 69,4 131,02 61,95 104,6 Days Sales Outstanding Days Inventory Payables Period Cash Conversion Cycle Receivables Turnover Inventory Turnover Fixed Assets Turnover Asset Turnover 60 114,89 57,17 123 59,93 156,46 1,91 14,7 4,88 0,66 4,65 0,63 4,48 0,62 4,29 0,61 3,46 0,48 Year Financial ratio 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 Solvency Ratios Debt ratio 0.43 0.71 0.66 0.72 0.74 0.86 Debt-to-equity ratio 0.60 1.62 0.93 1.17 0.89 0.55 Interest coverage ratio 1.48 2.68 3.20 6.07 3.13 0.67 Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio 2.46 1.51 1.48 1.54 1.22 1.09 Quick Ratio 1.41 0.75 0.96 1.01 0.81 0.66 Cash Ratio 0.96 0.30 0.25 0.31 0.28 0.28 Profitability Ratios Profit margin 2.3% 1.6% 3.3% 0.4% 1.5% -1.8% ROE (Return on equity), after tax -3.6% 0.1% 2.4% 0.1% 5.7% -10.7% ROA (Return on assets) -0.7% 2.6% 4.6% 1.8% 2% -2.6% Gross margin 17.5% 15.5% 17.9% 17.2% 17.2% 17.1% Operating margin (Return on sales) 7.2% 6.5% 7.7% 5.4% 3.5% 2.1% Activity Ratios Asset turnover (days) 623 384 338 411 449 398 Receivables turnover (days) 56 39 53 56 58 48 Inventory turnover (days) 80 64 70 58 64 53 Price Ratios Dividend Payout Ratio 0.14 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.26 0.25