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A case control study investigated a possible association between coffee drinking and pancreatic cancer. In this study, pancreatic cancer (the outcome) was defined as incident

A case control study investigated a possible association between coffee drinking and pancreatic cancer. In this study, pancreatic cancer (the outcome) was defined as incident pancreatic cancer over a specified 5-year period in two hospitals in the Northeastern United States. Controls were sampled from the patients of the physicians treating the cases. Patients who smoked or had alcohol-related disease were excluded from the control group (but not from the cases); controls with pre-existing gastro-intestinal disease were included. Each participant was asked how many cups of coffee they drank per day. The amount of coffee consumed daily was categorized into three levels. A case-control study analysis was performed. Your submission will consist of a written critique, and tables, as described in Step 9 of the instructions.

Instructions

The Week 7 dataset (Excel) has 1,011 observations and includes the following variables:

  • Case
    • 1=case
    • 0=control
  • Coffee
    • 0 = does not drink coffee
    • 1 = 1-2 cups per day
    • 2 = 3-4 cups per day
    • 3 = 5 or more cups per day
  • Sex
    • 0 = male
    • 1 = female

Outline your answers clearly

  • Determine whether increasing coffee consumption is associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer.
  1. Perform an exploratory analysis and design a table or tables to summarize the study population.
  2. Calculate an overall chi-square test for the association between coffee drinking and pancreatic cancer.
  3. Calculate odds ratios for each level of coffee consumption. Your reference (level 1) is 0=does not drink coffee.
  4. Perform the above analysis stratified by sex.
  5. Use the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel estimator of the odds ratio to adjust the association between coffee drinking and pancreatic cancer for sex.
  6. Do the same using logistic regression and compare results.
  7. Design a table to report on steps 4 and 5. You may create figures if you wish also.
  8. Fast forward in time and pretend you are another researcher interested in the association between coffee drinking and pancreatic cancer. You read the article reporting on the above study and have significant concerns.
  9. Critique the study design and interpretation.
    1. As you think about this, carefully consider the information in the introduction to this assignment, later research, and ideas of control selection, bias, confounding, and interaction. Think about potential confounders and review the textbook's comments on this study.
    2. In your critique, describe how you will improve on this study.
    3. Include the tables you have created and refer to them in your critique

Here is the dataset

Case Coffee Sex
1 0 0
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