Question
A clinical trial randomly assigns patients to receive either a flu vaccine under development or a placebo. The p-value is calculated for the two-sample z
A clinical trial randomly assigns patients to receive either a flu vaccine under development or a placebo. The p-value is calculated for the two-sample z test calculated from the sample percentages in each group who go on to develop flu symptoms over the next 3 months; it turns out to be 0.5%. There is a higher percentage of people who develop flu symptoms in the group who received placebo. Which of the following are accurate interpretations of what the p-value tells us in this case? Put a check in the blank in front of each statement if it is accurate. _______ The difference observed between the two groups in terms of percentage of people with symptoms is highly statistically significant. _______ The flu vaccine being tested prevents symptoms for 99.5% of people who receive it. _______ The chance that the flu vaccine doesn't prevent symtoms is only 0.5%. _______ The flu vaccine works much better than the placebo, i.e. you have a much lower chance of getting flu symptoms if you take it. _______ The p-value was calculated assuming that the flu vaccine and placebo have the same effect in terms of preventing symptoms. _______ If the flu vaccine and placebo have the same effect in terms of preventing symptoms, we have observed something very unusual.
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