a. Collings College has annual fixed operating costs of $12,000,000 and variable operating costs of $1,000 per student. Tuition is $8,000 per student for the coming academic year, with a projected enrollment of 1,500 students. Expected revenues from endowments and federal and state grants total $200,000. Determine the amount the college must obtain from other sources.

(d.) A civic organization is engaged in a fund-raising program. On Civic Sunday, it will sell newspapers at $1.40 each. The organization will pay $0.75 for each newspaper. Costs of the necessary permits, signs, and so forth are $500. Determine the amount the organization will raise if it sells 5,400 newspapers.