A company produces a product which has a standard variable production cost of $8 per unit made up as follows:

$ Per Unit

Direct material$4.60 (2kg X $2.30 per kg)

Direct labour $2.10 (0.7 hours x $3.00 per hour)

Variable overhead $1.3

Fixed manufacturing costs are treated as period costs. The following information is available for the period just ended,

Variable manufacturing cost of sales (at standard cost)$263,520

Opening stock of finished goods (at standard cost)$120,800

Closing stock of finished goods (at standard cost)$146,080

Direct material price variance$2,571 U

Raw materials used in manufacture (at actual cost)$170,310

Direct labour rate variance $4,760 U

Direct labour efficiency variance $3,240 F

Required:

(a)Determine for the period ended.

(i)The total actual direct labour cost, and

(ii)The actual cost per kg of raw material used.

(b)Outline the possible causes of the raw materials variances