A computer scientist $(1)$ trains a machine learning system to identify patients with certain genetic diseases using a large dataset of labeled case histories, and $(2)$ instructs the system to suggest diagnostic protocols for such diseases that are more effective than those used in the dataset. These tasks are examples of$,$ respectively:

a$.$

$(1)$ expert systems and $(2)$ genetic algorithms

b$.$

$(1)$ unsupervised and $(2)$ supervised learning

c$.$

$(1)$ genetic algorithms and $(2)$ unsupervised learning

d$.$

$(1)$ supervised and $(2)$ semi$-$supervised learning

e$.$

$(1)$ semi$-$supervised learning and $(2)$ expert systems