A corporation has decided to replace an existing asset with a newer model. Two years ago, the existing asset originally cost $70,000 and was being depreciated under MACRS using a five-year recovery period. The existing asset can be sold for $40,000. The new asset will cost $80,000 and will also be depreciated under MACRS using a five-year recovery period. If the assumed tax rate is 40 percent on ordinary income and capital gains, the initial investment (i.e., Cash flow at time 0) is ________.