A corporation's pension plan provides a lifetime annual income to its employees upon retirement at age 65 . The plan provides 3% for each year of service of the employee's salary upon retirement. Those who retire before 65 have their benefit reduced by 1.6% for each year before 65 that they retire. Russ retires at age 62 with 23 years of service. If his salary upon retirement is $52,477, what is his annual pension benefit