1. A data flow diagram (or DFD) has four basic elements. The people and organizations that send data to and receive data from the system are known as

a) data sources and destinations.

b) data flows.

c) transformation processes.

d) data stores.

1. In general, a data destination will be shown by

a) an arrow pointing away.

b) an arrow pointing in.

c) arrows pointing both ways.

d) no arrows, only two horizontal lines.

1. In the data flow diagram of the customer payment process, "update receivables" will appear in

a) a square.

b) a circle.

c) two horizontal lines.

d) none of the above

1. In the data flow diagram of the customer payment process, "Customer" will appear in

a) a square.

b) a circle.

c) two horizontal lines.

d) none of the above

1. In the data flow diagram of the customer payment process, "Customer payment" will appear above or in

a) a square.

b) a circle.

c) two horizontal lines.

d) an arrow.

1. Most processes on a DFD can be identified by

a) data in-flows only.

b) data out-flows only.

c) data flows both into or out of a process.

d) always being followed by a data store.

1. Data flows between two symbols on a DFD have more than one data item. More than one arrow is needed if

a) data elements always flow together.

b) data elements flow at different times.

c) data elements flow to different locations.

d) there is no guideline on use of single or multiple arrows.

1. The transformation of data in a DFD is represented as a

a) process.

b) data dictionary.

c) data stores.

d) data source and destination.

1. The storage of data on a DFD is shown by

a) circles.

b) arrows.

c) squares.

d) two horizontal lines.

1. Creating a DFD is an iterative process. Each DFD iteration helps the designer to refine the diagram and identify the fine points. A DFD created at a high-level or summary view is referred to as a

a) data process diagram.

b) data dictionary diagram.

c) content diagram.

d) context diagram.