A dealership is trying to understand its customers better. A survey was conducted among 100 customers to determine their favorite color for a sedan.

Which statement is true?

• a.)
• All people who purchased a car from the car dealer last year represent the population.
• b.)
• The 100 people surveyed represent the sample.
• c.)
• All people who purchased a car from the car dealer represent the sample.
• d.)
• The 100 people surveyed represent the population.

Which of these random samples qualifies as a representative sample if studying the opinion of the attendees to a business seminar?

• a.)
• 35 people who attended the seminar
• b.)
• 35 people who spoke at the seminar
• c.)
• 35 people from the company that organized the seminar
• d.)
• 35 people whose businesses are related to the topics discussed at the seminar

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Which of these is an example of asystematic randomsample?

• a.)
• Selecting 4 balls from a bag containing 20 balls.
• b.)
• Picking out 10 names from a bag containing names of 50 students.
• c.)
• Selecting every 20th person in a line of 200 moviegoers.
• d.)
• Selecting all the students in a class of 30.

Which of these statements best explainsclustersampling?

• a.)
• In the cluster sampling method, elements are randomly selected from the total population.
• b.)
• In the cluster sampling method, total population is roughly divided into groups based on location and a simple random sample of the groups is taken.
• c.)
• In the cluster sampling method, population is broken into groups and then elements are randomly selected in proportion from each group.
• d.)
• The cluster sampling method is a combination of random sampling techniques.

Which of these is an example of multi-stage sampling?

• a.)
• Dividing the population of New York into groups and then making simple random samples from those groups.
• b.)
• Choosing New York as a sample, then selecting a sample of zip codes within New York, then sampling the names of people living in those zip codes.
• c.)
• Randomly selecting elements from the entire population of New York
• d.)
• Dividing the total population of New York into groups and then selecting people in proportion from these groups.

Select the statement that expresses an approach used with observational studies.

• a.)
• "Next week, let's send out a coupon for 25% off any menu item to see if we get more customers."
• b.)
• "I think asking questions and collecting the information we want from our population sample is a good start."
• c.)
• "We can test out locations for a brick and mortar by moving our truck. I mean, we have our social media page that gives our daily locations, but what if we found a location we like for a brick and mortar and see if our customers follow us there?"
• d.)
• "We took all those notes. We recorded customer counts, menus, food prices, even the general atmosphere of the food truck environment."

Following a group of truck drivers and noting the number of miles traveled for one year refers to which type of statistical study?

• a.)
• Experiment
• b.)
• Case control study
• c.)
• Retrospective study
• d.)
• Prospective study

Which of these is true for the control group in an experiment?

• a.)
• It is exposed to the factor under consideration and all other external influences are varied.
• b.)
• It is exposed to the factor under consideration and all other external influences are held constant.
• c.)
• It is not exposed to the factor under consideration and all other external influences are varied.
• d.)
• It is not exposed to the factor under consideration and all other external influences are held constant.

Which of these statements is NOT true regarding a randomized block design experiment?

• a.)
• This design has an advantage of controlling for variables that might confound the response.
• b.)
• Elements are randomly selected from equal-sized blocks of the total population.
• c.)
• The sample is divided into participants or subjects and then grouped by a variable of interest.
• d.)
• The elements are randomly allocated to treatment and control groups.

Which of these statements is NOT true regarding a randomized block design experiment?

• a.)
• This design has an advantage of controlling for variables that might confound the response.
• b.)
• Elements are randomly selected from equal-sized blocks of the total population.
• c.)
• The sample is divided into participants or subjects and then grouped by a variable of interest.
• d.)
• The elements are randomly allocated to treatment and control groups.

Which of these statements is true for a matched-pair design?

• a.)
• The matched elements within each pair are randomly assigned to different treatments.
• b.)
• The matched elements within each pair are assigned to the same treatment.
• c.)
• The matched elements within different pairs are randomly assigned to the same treatment.
• d.)
• The matched elements within different pairs are randomly assigned to different treatments.

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Which of the following is an example of a survey?

• a.)
• An owner of a local pizza shop offers two new toppings to see which sells the most at the end of the day.
• b.)
• A general manager of a restaurant records customer counts and food prices to determine what changes need to be made.
• c.)
• A clothing store owner asks questions to collect information from the population by taking a sample of his customers.
• d.)
• A food truck owner tests out different locations for a brick and mortar by using the business's Facebook page to promote the daily location.

Which of these is an example of a blind experiment?

• a.)
• Asking a group of students about the candidate they will vote for in the school elections.
• b.)
• Asking a group of students to compare the tastes of different brands of potato chips without revealing the names of the brands.
• c.)
• Asking a group of kids to choose their favorite candy from a jar containing different candies.
• d.)
• Asking a group of students about their favorite sports from a list containing names of 10 sports.

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By accident, Janae has been making decaffeinated coffee for her co-workers for the entire week. But some of her co-workers have claimed that the extra boost of caffeine has helped them focus on their work.

What does the placebo effect mean in this specific situation?

• a.)
• The benefit is the result of the "control" (coffee, although decaffeinated) and not an effect of the "active ingredient" (caffeine).
• b.)
• The benefit is due to the fact that the co-workers are given a "treatment" (coffee, although decaffeinated) and not an effect of the "active ingredient" (caffeine).
• c.)
• The co-workers get a benefit from the "treatment" (coffee, although decaffeinated) since they also drink coffee at the coffee shop across the street during breaks.
• d.)
• The benefit is the result of the fact that the "treatment" (coffee, although decaffeinated) contains another "active ingredient" besides caffeine.

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Sean wants to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction.

What type of variable is the temperature in Sean's experiment?

• a.)
• Explanatory
• b.)
• Confounding
• c.)
• Response
• d.)
• Dependent

Which of these represents abinomialquestion?

• a.)
• What are the names of your pets?
• b.)
• How does being a pet owner make you feel?
• c.)
• How many animals do you own?
• d.)
• Do you own a rabbit?

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In 2000, there were 4,578 residents living in multi-family housing units. In 2010, there were 4,312 residents living in multi-family housing units.

Select the true statement about residents living in multi-family housing units from 2000 to 2010. Percentages are rounded to the nearest tenths place.

• a.)
• The absolute change is -266 residents and the relative change indicates a decrease of 5.8%.
• b.)
• The absolute change is 266 residents and the relative change indicates an increase of 6.2%.
• c.)
• The absolute change is 266 residents and the relative change indicates an increase of 5.8%.
• d.)
• The absolute change is -266 residents and the relative change indicates a decrease of 6.2%.

A company's market share went from 50 to 40 percent of the total market.

Of the following choices, which two statements about the company's market shares are true?

• a.)
• There was a 25% decrease in market shares.
• b.)
• Market shares dropped by 10 percentage points.
• c.)
• There was a 20% decrease in market shares.
• d.)
• Market shares dropped by 25 percentage points.
• e.)
• There was a 10% decrease in market shares.
• f.)
• Market shares dropped by 20 percentage points.

How about members of a local professional sports team who are conducting a survey?

Which data collection method would provide biased results for the question "What is your favorite sport?"

• a.)
• Ask people at a shopping mall.
• b.)
• Ask people attending a soccer game.
• c.)
• Ask people walking on the beach.
• d.)
• Ask people attending a concert.

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Kendra thinks it's important to know how much money her customers make, so she can decide whether to offer high-end items. Because Kendra's shop is in a small town, most of her customers are her friends and neighbors. One survey question asks, "How much money do you make each month?"

A customer who responds by writing down a really high number to impress Kendra is an example of ______ bias.

• a.)
• selection
• b.)
• response
• c.)
• unintentional
• d.)
• non-response

Survey A had the question: "Should people be allowed to smoke?"

Survey B asked respondents: "Since cigarettes are dangerous and have deadly side effects such as cancer, wouldn't you agree that smoking should be controlled to save the lives of many?"

Which survey can be associated with deliberate bias?

• a.)
• Only Survey B
• b.)
• Both Survey A and Survey B
• c.)
• Neither Survey A nor Survey B
• d.)
• Only Survey A

Select the example that representsconveniencesampling.

• a.)
• George offers a free cookie to anyone who agrees to answer the survey questions.
• b.)
• George asks the same survey question to the first 20 customers to visit the food truck.
• c.)
• George hangs flyers for volunteers to answer questions for the survey on various streets and convenience stores throughout the city.
• d.)
• George asks every 10th customer to fill out a survey.

Which statement about random errors is FALSE?

• a.)
• They do not arise from the design of the study.
• b.)
• They are less likely for small sample sizes.
• c.)
• They are difficult to detect.
• d.)
• They arise when the sample has some different characteristics than the population.

After all of the surveys have been compiled and analyzed, the calculated level of satisfaction for "customer service" for a sample was 7.2 0.9.

Select the true statement regarding the confidence interval of this scenario.

• a.)
• The confidence interval is the amount by which the sample mean is different from the true mean and is equal to 0.9.
• b.)
• The confidence interval is the mean value obtained from the sample and is equal to 7.2.
• c.)
• The confidence interval is the total number of subjects in the sample and is equal to 7.2.
• d.)
• The confidence interval is the range of potential values that the true value could be and is equal to 7.2 0.9.