A. Discuss the scientific contributions of Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton. How did Isaac Newton extend and elaborate upon Galileo's initial observations. Compare their approaches.

B. The Periodic Table of the Elements is a great example of the scientific method in action. Discuss the history of the periodic table and its organization. Define the terms atomic number and atomic mass and their role in the construction of the table. What does the organization of the table tell us about chemical reactivity? What feature of the table makes it so amenable to the scientific method?