(a) Explain the benefits of the virtual memory technique. (5 marks) (b) Explain the concept of locality of reference. (5 marks) (c) Consider a (RISC) machine that uses 4KB pages and 4-byte instructions, and assume that a process switch just occurred. Loading a page from the hard disk into memory takes 10 ms. The initial probability (after the process switch) that a referenced instruction is in main memory is 0.1. How many milliseconds does it take to load the first referenced instruction into the IR on average? (You can ignore the loading time from main memory into the IR.) (9 marks) (d) Explain how the situation changes for loading the second instruction, and give an estimate for the average load time in milliseconds for this case. (You can assume that the first instruction referenced is not a jump.) (6 marks)