(a) Explain the "doctrine of precedent". (10 marks)

(b) Explain the principle in the decided case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562. (20 marks)

(c) Elaborate the THREE (3) ways in which a contract may be discharged? (30 marks)

(d) Where there is a breach of contract, the party seeking damages is under a duty to mitigate the loss. Explain the phrase "mitigate the loss". (30 marks)

(e)Describe the basic elements of a contract. (10 marks)