A few TIPS! will make identifying the answers easier. Follow these directions along with the example below and complete the remaining questions in the same order. (1) Start here! What is the NS (neutral stimulus)? The stimulus that has no meaning until it's paired with something else. Answer 1 :) (2) The NS becomes the CS. They are the same answer! The CS is just the NS renamed after learning. Now you have 2 answers! (3) Now, figure out what the CS elicits (causes to happen = CR)? This is the CR, now you have 3 answers! (4) Next, because you know the CR you automatically know the UCR. This is because the CR is the UCR renamed after learning. You have 4 answers now. (5) Lastly, determine what elicits the UCR before any learning has occurred (UCS). This is the UCS. It an association that is innate, physiological, natural, evolutionary etc. This your last answer! Example A young infant receives annual vaccinations and feels pain and begins to cry. After a few shots the infant begins crying when he sees the doctor's white lab coat in the room. Before Conditioning (learning) (5) Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): Answer = Pain from shot (4) Unconditioned Response (UCR): Answer = Crying and fear (1) Neutral Stimulus (NS): Answer = Doctor's white lab coat same same Conditioning (learning) same (2) Conditioned Stimulus (CS): Answer = Doctor's white lab coat (3) Conditioned Response (CR): Answer = Crying and fear Same Example with Answers Entered A young infant receives annual vaccinations and feels pain and begins to cry. After a few shots the infant begins crying when he sees the doctor's white lab coat in the room. (5) UCS: Answer = Pain from shot (4) UCR: Answer = Crying and fear (1) NS: Answer = Doctor's white lab coat same (2) CS: Answer = Doctor's white lab coat (3) CR: Answer = Crying and fear Questions for Completion You are in a car accident at an intersection near your home. Luckily you weren't hurt but every time you pass that same intersection you feel scared, anxious and your neck tightens up. 14. UCS: ENTER ANSWER 15. UCR: ENTER ANSWER 16. NS: ENTER ANSWER 17. CS: ENTER ANSWER 18. CR: ENTER ANSWER A deer is walking through the forest. It hears a rustle in the bushes and then sees a mountain lion running after it. The deer runs away as fast as it can and survives. Now every time it hears a rustle in the bushes is gets scared and runs away. 19. UCS: ENTER ANSWER 20. UCR: ENTER ANSWER 21. NS: ENTER ANSWER 22. CS: ENTER ANSWER 23. CR: ENTER ANSWER In one famous field study, researchers injected sheep carcasses with a poison that would make coyotes sick but not kill them. The goal was help sheep ranchers reduce the number of sheep lost to coyote killings. Not only did the experiment work by lowering the number of sheep killed, it also caused some of the coyotes to develop such a strong aversion to sheep that they would actually run away at the scent or sight of a sheep. 24. UCS: ENTER ANSWER 25. UCR: ENTER ANSWER 26. NS: ENTER ANSWER 27. CS: ENTER ANSWER 28. CR: ENTER ANSWER A 3-year old boy goes to the zoo for the first time with his father and sister. While he is looking at a bird display, his sister sneaks up on him and startles him. He becomes very frightened, and now when he sees birds outside or on TV, he cries. 29. UCS: ENTER ANSWER 30. UCR: ENTER ANSWER 31. NS: ENTER ANSWER 32. CS: ENTER ANSWER 33. CR: ENTER ANSWER Domjan is famous for his work with Japanese quails. In one study he present male quails with terrycloth object and then immediately presented a female quail with which to mate. After 30 pairings, the terrycloth object was presented alone, and the male quails proceeded to attempt to mate with it. 34. UCS: ENTER ANSWER 35. UCR: ENTER ANSWER 36. NS: ENTER ANSWER 37. CS: ENTER ANSWER 38. CR: ENTER ANSWER Your son is bullied every day during the first two weeks of 4th grade. Now every morning when you wake him up for school he cries, says he's scared and appears extremely anxious. 39. UCS: ENTER ANSWER 40. UCR: ENTER ANSWER 41. NS: ENTER ANSWER 42. CS: ENTER ANSWER 43. CR: ENTER ANSWER