A firm with a return on common equity (ROCE) of 30% has financial leverage of 37.5% and a net after-tax borrowing cost of 5% on $240 million of net debt.

(a)What rate of return does this firm earn on its operations?

(b)The firm is considering repurchasing $150 million of its stock and financing the repurchase with further borrowing at a 5% after-tax borrowing cost.What effect will this transaction have on the firm's return on common equity if the same level of operating profitability is maintained?

(c)Will this repurchase change the per share intrinsic value of the equity?Why?

(d)The firm had an unlevered price-to-book ratio (P/B) of 1.8 prior to the transaction.What will be the effect of the repurchase on the levered price-to-book ratio?