1. A group of researchers has devised a stress questionnaire consisting of 15 life events. They are interested in determining whether there is cross-cultural agreement on the relative amount of adjustment each event entails. The questionnaire is given to 300 Americans and 300 Italians. Each individual is instructed to use the event of “marriage” as the standard and to judge each of the other life events in relation to the adjustment required in marriage. Marriage is arbitrarily given a value of 50 points. If an event is judged to require greater adjustment than marriage, the event should receive more than 50 points. How many more points depends on how much more adjustment is required. After each subject within each culture has assigned points to the 15 life events, the points for each event are averaged. The results are shown in the following

Life Event	Americans	Italians
Death of Spouse	100	80
Divorce	73	95
Marital Separation	65	85
Jail Term	63	52
Personal Injury	53	72
Marriage	50	50
Fired from work	47	40
Retirement	45	30
Pregnancy	40	28
Sex Difficulties	39	42
Business readjustment	39	36
Trouble with in-laws	29	41
Trouble with boss	23	35
Vacation	13	16
Christmas	12	10

 

a. Assume the data are at least of interval scaling and compute the correlation between the American and Italian ratings.

b. Assume the data are only of ordinal scaling and compute the correlation between ratings of the two cultures.