A group of researchers is interested in the effects of bullying throughout elementary school. They study first through sixth graders on the playground and note how many times each child is bullied by their peers and they look for symptoms of depression. Each assessment is made twice each school year while the children are in elementary school.

1)The independent (or quasi-independent) variable for this study is _____ and the dependent variable for this study is ______

2) Is the study cross-sectional, longitudinal, or sequential? How do you know?

A researcher is interested in the well-being of those elderly who exercise and those who do not. He measures 50 subjects that range in age from 50-60 years old, 25 of which are told to take a walk a day and 25 of which are told not to take walks. The researcher takes blood pressure and stress hormone samples to measure well-being at one time point.

The independent (or quasi-independent) variable for this study is ________ and the dependent variable for this study is ________

Is the study cross-sectional, longitudinal, or sequential? How do you know?