A hospital database is a comprehensive system designed to efficiently manage and organize various aspects of a healthcare institution. It serves as a centralized repository of information, enabling healthcare professionals to access, update, and analyze patient data, administrative details, and other critical information. Here's a breakdown of the key components and functionalities typically found in a hospital database:

Patient Information:

Demographics: Capture and store basic patient details, including name, date of birth, gender, address, and contact information.

Medical History: Record patient medical histories, allergies, existing conditions, and previous treatments.

Admissions and Discharges:

Admission Records: Track patient admissions, including admission dates, referring physicians, and admission diagnoses.

Discharge Records: Document details related to patient discharges, such as discharge dates, discharge diagnoses, and post$-$discharge instructions.

Appointment Scheduling:

Appointment Details: Manage patient appointments, including scheduled dates, times, and the healthcare provider.

Appointment Status: Track appointment statuses $($e$.$g$.,$ confirmed, canceled$)$ and manage appointment rescheduling.

Medical Staff Information:

Physician Details: Maintain information about physicians, including names, specialties, contact information, and schedules.

Nursing Staff: Store details about nursing staff, including names, designations, and shifts.

Laboratory and Test Results:

Test Orders: Record orders for laboratory tests, imaging, and other diagnostic procedures.

Test Results: Store and manage the results of diagnostic tests, making them accessible to authorized healthcare professionals.

Medication Management:

Prescriptions: Document prescribed medications, including dosage, frequency, and duration.

Medication Administration Records $($MAR$)$: Track the administration of medications to patients.

Billing and Insurance Information:

Billing Records: Manage patient billing information, including invoicing details and payment records.

Insurance Details: Store information about patient insurance coverage, including policy numbers and coverage limits$.$

Database Tables:

Creating a hospital database involves designing several tables to store different types of information. Below are the essential tables for a hospital database along with their key attributes:

$1.$ Patients Table:

$-$ PatientID $($Primary Key$)$

$-$ FirstName

$-$ LastName

$-$ DateOfBirth

$-$ Gender

$-$ ContactNumber

$-$ EmergencyContactNumber

$-$ Address

$-$ InsurancePolicyNumber $($Foreign Key referencing Insurance$)$

$2.$ Admissions Table:

$-$ AdmissionID $($Primary Key$)$

$-$ PatientID $($Foreign Key referencing Patients$)$

$-$ AdmissionDate

$-$ DischargeDate

$-$ AdmissionDiagnosis

$-$ ReferringPhysician $($Foreign Key referencing Physicians$)$

$-$ RoomNumber

$3.$ Appointments Table:

$-$ AppointmentID $($Primary Key$)$

$-$ PatientID $($Foreign Key referencing Patients$)$

$-$ PhysicianID $($Foreign Key referencing Physicians$)$

$-$ AppointmentDate

$-$ Status $($Confirmed$,$ Canceled, Rescheduled, etc.$)$

$4.$ Physicians Table:

$-$ PhysicianID $($Primary Key$)$

$-$ FirstName

$-$ LastName

$-$ Specialization

$-$ ContactNumber

$-$ Email

$5.$ Nurses Table:

$-$ NurseID $($Primary Key$)$

$-$ FirstName

$-$ LastName

$-$ Shift

$-$ ContactNumber

$-$ Email

$6.$ Tests Table:

$-$ TestID $($Primary Key$)$

$-$ TestName

$-$ Description

$7.$ TestResults Table:

$-$ ResultID $($Primary Key$)$

$-$ TestID $($Foreign Key referencing Tests$)$

$-$ PatientID $($Foreign Key referencing Patients$)$

$-$ ResultDate

$-$ ResultDetails

$8.$ Medications Table:

$-$ MedicationID $($Primary Key$)$

$-$ MedicationName

$-$ Dosage

$-$ Route $($oral$,$ injectable, or infusion$)$

$-$ Frequency

$9.$ Prescriptions Table:

$-$ PrescriptionID $($Primary Key$)$

$-$ PatientID $($Foreign Key referencing Patients$)$

$-$ PhysicianID $($Foreign Key referencing Physicians$)$

$-$ MedicationID $($Foreign Key referencing Medications$)$

$-$ PrescriptionDate

$-$ DosageInstructions

$10.$ Insurance Table:

$-$ PolicyNumber $($Primary Key$)$

$-$ InsuranceName

$-$ CoverageLimit

These tables form the foundation of a hospital database, capturing essential information about patients, admissions, appointments, medical staff, tests, medications, and insurance. Additionally, you may need to establish relationships between these tables using foreign keys to maintain data integrity and support complex queries. All attributes must be NOT NULL.

Database Description:

A patient can have multiple appointments with different doctors according to their schedule.

A patient can have multiple admissions, but an admission is associated with one patient. Admissions must be authorized by a doctors.

A patient must have an insurance policy, and an insurance policy can be assigned to multiple patients $($family members for instance$).$

Test results must be associated with a test taken by a patient. Pati