a. How the value of any asset whose value is based on expected future cash flows is determined.

b. An example of the valuation of a 10-year, $1000 par value bond with a 10% annual coupon if the required return rate is 10%.

c. An example of what happens to the bond value above if the required return increases to 13% or decreases to 7%, particularly as it approaches maturity. Why might this be important to the client?

d. An example of yield to maturity, using a 10-year, 9%, annual coupon, $1000 par value bond that currently sells for $887 and the same bond selling for $1134.20. Why is the fact that a bond is a discount or premium bond matter to the client?

e. An example of how call provisions might impact the investment, considering a 10-year, 10%, semi-annual coupon bond with a par value of $1000, currently selling for $1135.90, producing a nominal yield to maturity of 8%. However, the bond can be called after four years for a price of $1050. You want to demonstrate the bonds nominal yield to call and explain the likelihood of actually receiving either the YTM or YTC.