A hypothetical study is proposed to investigate in adolescents if there is an association between brain tumors and (1) being male, (2) being a smoker or (3) using cellular phones. A total of 20 cases with brain tumors and 20 classmate controls without brain tumors will be included in the study. The results are summarized in the table below.

Gender and Brain Cancer

Brain Tumors/No Brain tumors

Male 11 / 10

Female 9 / 10

Total 20 /20

>Calculate the odds of exposure among cases. Round to two decimal places.

>Calculate the odds of exposure among controls. Round to two decimal places.

>Calculate the odds ratio. Round to two decimal places.