a. Identify the three types of substantive procedures and discuss the effectiveness of each. (4 marks) Required: Suggested Answer for part a: Click or tap here to enter text.

b. Lisa is a highly competent employee of the XYZ Ltd. She is responsible for accounting-related matters for more than 15 years. Her devotion to the firm and her duties had always been exceptional, and over the years, she has been given increased responsibility. Recently, the managing director of XYZ Ltd and the audit partner of an independent accounting firm in charge of the audit were shocked and dismayed to discover that Lisa had embezzled more than $1000,000 over the five year period by not recording billings in the sales journal and subsequently diverting cash receipts. Required: Discuss the major factors that permitted the defalcation to take place. (4 marks)