A large technology firm has research centers in a number of countries. In order to reduce the cycle time of projects, team members in one city leave a list of "to-do" items on a shared web portal. These items are then picked up a few hours later by another team in a city separated by several time-zones. This organization is making use of a. value chains. Ob.quality circles. c. virtual teams. d. grapevines. e. interest groups.