A liquid bubble, initially at 0C, is floating along on the wind, exchanging heat via radiation and convection with the ambient air. Calculate how long the bubble takes to freeze.

Given: Bubble OD = 10 cm, wall thickness = 1 mm Ambient temperature = -20C Emissivity = 0.8 Convection coefficient = 8 W/m 2 /C

You may neglect heat transfer between the liquid and the air inside of the bubble. Assume that the bubble is made of pure water.

Answer rating: 100% (QA)

To calculate how long the bubble takes to freeze we need to determine how much heat needs to be tran... View the full answer