a management philosophy that encourages individual employees to develop their own work priorities that are consistent with organizational goals the use of self-imposed work strategies helping to control the daily activities that achieve organizational goals workers' monitoring of their 1. self-leadership own behavior, noting their actions, events, or 2. self-management outcomes and keeping performance records 3. role modeling goals that are set at the 4. behavioral self-management initiative of the worker, not the manager, and empower 5. self-set goals workers with a greater sense of personal control 6. self-observation