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A medical researcher wanted to compare two different methods (A and B) for measuring cardiac output (L/min). Method A is the gold standard but is

A medical researcher wanted to compare two different methods (A and B) for measuring cardiac output (L/min). Method A is the "gold standard" but is invasive (involves inserting a catheter into the main heart artery). Method B is less accurate but is non-invasive. To control for differences between persons, both methods are used on each person participating in the study. This allows measurements to be directly compared for each method, per individual. Cardiac output for 10 subjects was measured by both methods and some summary statistics of the data are summarized in the table below. Is there enough evidence to conclude that the cardiac output for method B is less than the cardiac output for method A on average at a significance level of 0.025.

Cardiac Method n Average Standard deviation
A 10 5.85 1.92
B 10 5.24 2.03
Difference (d = A - B) 10 0.61 0.83

Perform a statistical test. (a) What are the null and alternative hypotheses? H0: HA: (b) What is the test statistic? (Round your answer to 3 decimal places, if needed.) (c) Using the statistical table, the p-value is (d) Based on the p-value, reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis. (e) This data provides or does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the cardiac output for method B is, on average, less than or more than or the same amount as the cardiac output for method A.

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