(a) Mr Ng, a Hong Kong permanent resident, is the owner of various immovable properties in Hong Kong. His daughter Ms Ng, also a Hong Kong permanent resident, has been studying abroad for more than 10 years and will be graduated soon. To facilitate her accommodation upon returning back to Hong Kong, Mr Ng would transfer a residential property located in North Point to her as residence. The property at North Point has been held by Mr Ng for two years and three months for leasing purpose, notwithstanding that the tenant has moved out recently. The market value of the property is $9,500,000, and Mr Ng intends to transfer it to Ms Ng at nil consideration. Ms Ng currently does not own any residential property in Hong Kong.

(b) Mr Ma and Mrs Ma, a married couple, would like to jointly acquire a residential property in Hong Kong for residential purpose. The target property is located at Kowloon City and has been held by the existing owner for more than five years. The consideration of the acquisition is negotiated and concluded at $11,000,000. Mr Ma is a Hong Kong permanent resident whilst Mrs Ma is a PRC resident principally living in Shenzhen. Both of them do not have any residential property in Hong Kong.

(c) Mr Fung would like to acquire a car park space downstairs of his residential property from an independent individual at the consideration of $2,300,000. The car park space has been held by the existing owner for one year and 11 months only. Mr Fung is a Hong Kong permanent resident and owns the residential property in which he currently resides.

Required:

Discuss the stamp duty exposure and liabilities arising from the following transactions.