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A Panamax owner is concerned that freight rates will fall in Q2 (April, May and June) 2022 and he wants to lock in his profits

A Panamax owner is concerned that freight rates will fall in Q2 (April, May and June) 2022 and he wants to lock in his profits from the high market. His required breakeven freight rate is $ 11,500/day, whereas the market is trading at a large premium. He has several options: Do nothing and risk the market changing. Enter a timecharter, but this would lose his interaction with the spot market and is inflexible if other opportunities arise. Sell a FFA (freight forward agreement) to lock in his rate but keep control of his vessel. The Cal Q2 2022 market BPI avg is bid (buyers) $15,000/day and offered (sellers) $15,500/day. The owner decided to sell Cal Q2 2022 at $15,000/day. This settles monthly against the index averages in each month. a) Explain how the owner locks in his profit from selling a FFA by drawing a diagram with the appropriate curves to present long/short FFA, vessel breakeven and locked in profit/loss. b) Assume that the settlements in April, May and June are $13,500/day, $15,000/day and $17,500/day, respectively. Calculate the total profit/loss gained by the owner by selling this FFA. c) Elucidate on the following terms which are associated with DERIVATIVES. You can make use of a scenario to assist in clarifying your answer. i. An Underlying, ii. A Cap and a Floor.

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