A pendulum bob consists of a small bucket filled with fine sand. As the pendulum oscillates, the sand pours out through a hole in the bottom of the bucket so that it leaves a trail of sand on the surface below. The rope attached to the trolley pulls it to the right at a constant velocity while the pendulum swings across the trolley at right angles to the direction of the trolley's velocity.

(This diagram is not to scale.)

Refer to the diagram Sand Pendulum to answer this question.

The pendulum has a length of 45.0 cm. It is set in motion so that it swings back and forth

across the top of the trolley, which is being pulled at a constant velocity of 25.0 cm/s

[right]. As the sand pours out of the pendulum bob, it traces a wave on the surface of the

trolley. The wavelength of the wave the pendulum creates on the trolley is ____ cm.

(Record your answer with the correct number of significant digits in the white box.)

The equilibrium position of a wave is:

Select one:

A: The location of a crest or trough.

B: Any point at which the medium is not moving.

C: Half the distance between a crest and a trough.

D: The position of the medium when there is no wave present.

Which of the following statements applies/apply when a pulse, traveling along an ideal spring, is reflected from a fixed point at the end of the spring?

I: The amplitude of the reflected pulse is equal to the amplitude of the incident pulse.

II: The length of the reflected pulse is equal to the length of the incident pulse.

III: The speed of the reflected pulse is equal to the speed of the incident pulse.

Select one:

A: I and II

B: I and III

C: II and III

D: I, II, and III

Which of the following conditions are required for two waves to create a standing wave in a spring?

I: The waves must be traveling in opposite directions.

II: The waves must have equal amplitudes.

III: The waves must have equal wavelengths.

Select one:

A: I and II only

B: I and III only

C: II and III only

D: I, II, and III

Refer to the diagram Wave Phase Points to answer this question.

Listed below are four pairs of points from the wave train diagram. Which of the pairs of points are in phase?

I: A and J

II: G and N

III: E and N

IV: C and L

When the source of a sound wave is moving away from an observer, which of the following will appear to occur?

Select one:

A: The apparent frequency is greater than the true frequency of the sound.

B: The apparent frequency is less than the true frequency of the sound.

C: The apparent speed of the wave is less than the true speed of the wave.

D: The apparent speed of the wave is greater than the true speed of the wave.

A light spring is stretched on the floor. Two students do a series of trials to determine what happens when two pulses meet as they travel along the spring. In each trial, each of the students, at opposite ends of the spring, simultaneously create a pulse. These pulses travel along the spring in opposite directions so that they arrive at the midpoint of the spring at the same time. The pulses that the students create are of different amplitudes and lengths. After observing the interactions of several trials, which of these conclusions could the students make about the interaction of the pulses?

Select one:

A: When the pulses meet, they bounce off each other and move back toward the student who created each pulse.

B: When the pulses meet, they combine and then create two new pulses that are identical to each other and that move away from the midpoint in opposite directions.

C: When the two pulses meet, they combine to form a single pulse that is a combination of the two original pulses. The combined pulse moves away in the direction of the pulse with the greater amplitude.

D: When the two pulses meet, they pass through each other and continue on their way, seemingly unaffected by the interaction with the other pulse.

Which of the following are true for a simple harmonic oscillator?

I: The restoring force is greatest when the speed of the oscillator is least.

II: The restoring force is greatest when the speed of the oscillator is greatest.

III: The acceleration is a maximum at the equilibrium position.

IV: The acceleration is a minimum at the equilibrium position.

Select one:

A: I and III

B: I and IV

C: II and III

D: II and IV

Refer to the diagram A Standing Wave Pattern in a Spring to answer this question.

The labeled points that are located at nodal points are

Select one:

A: A and C

B: B and D

C: A, C, and E

D: E only

Refer to the diagram Circular Waves Moving Outward from a Source (S) to answer this question.

Which two points in the diagram lie on wave fronts that are one wavelength apart?

Select one:

A: B and H

B: G and J

C: D and G

D: E and J

A wave travels across a lake at a speed of 1.39 m/s. A cottager determines that it takes 85.0 s for 25 waves to arrive at the shore. The wavelength of these waves is _____ m. (Record your answer with the correct number of significant digits in the white box.)

Refer to the diagram to answer this question.

A wave front moves towards a barrier. The numbered wave fronts represent suggested segments of the reflected wave front.

Which of the lines best represents the portion of the wave front after it has been reflected from the barrier?

Select one:

A: I

B: II

C: III

D: IV

You hold the end of a spring that is stretched out along the floor. To create a pulse in the spring, you quickly move your hand to the left and back to its original position. Which property of the spring is affected by the distance to which you move your hand to the left? I: The speed of the wave

II: The amplitude of the wave

III: The length of the wave

Select one:

A: I and II only

B: II only

C: I and III only

D: III only

The mass attached to the spring is used to extend the spring to a position +x from its rest position. Assuming that the system is frictionless, the mass will oscillate between the positions +x and -x. (This diagram is not drawn to scale.)

Refer to the diagram Horizontal Oscillator to answer this question.

When the mass in the diagram is released, it will oscillate in simple harmonic motion

because

Select one:

A: The force the spring exerts increases in direct proportion to the position of the mass.

B: The frequency is constant.

C: The mass is initially at rest when it is released from +x.

D: The surface on which the mass is sliding is horizontal.

A spring is stretched to a length of 5.40 m. You generate a standing wave using a frequency of 4.75 Hz. If there are 5 antinodes along the spring, then the speed of the wave in the spring is _____ m/s. (Record your answer with the correct number of significant digits in the white box.)

When a transverse wave moves through a medium, the medium

Select one:

A: Moves back and forth across the direction of motion of the wave but generally stays in the same place.

B: Moves back and forth parallel to the direction of the wave's motion but generally stays in the same place.

C: Moves back and forth across the direction of motion of the wave as it travels in the direction of wave motion.

D: Moves back and forth parallel to the motion of the wave as it travels in the direction of wave motion.

Two in-phase point sources in a ripple tank, S₁and S₂, generate the interference pattern shown below. S₁and S₂ are 4 apart. The maxima and minima are labeled from K to R.

Refer to the diagram Two-point Interference Pattern to answer this question.

The lines labeled K through R in the diagram indicate either a maximum or a minimum. Which line is a first-order maximum?

Select one:

A: M

B: P

C: Q

D: R

Oscillations in many devices such as musical instruments are desirable. However, many oscillations, such as those caused by winds or earthquakes, can be very destructive.

A: Define what is meant by resonant frequency, forced frequency, and mechanical resonance. Give an example of each (3 marks).

B: Give an example of a structure or machine in which mechanical resonance may be used to advantage. Describe how mechanical resonance is used in this device (2 marks)

C: Give an example or situation in which oscillations are undesirable. Describe what scientists and engineers can do to eliminate or reduce the effects of unwanted oscillations (2 marks)

Which quantity is constant for a simple harmonic motion?

Select one:

A: Displacement

B: Velocity

C: Acceleration

D: Period