1. A portfolio manager has maintained an actively managed portfolio with a beta of 0.4. During the last year, the risk free rate was 6% and major equity indices performed very badly, providing returns of about -30%. The portfolio manager produced a return of -8% and claims that in the circumstances it was good. Discuss this claim.
2. An investor buys 100 shares in a mutual fund on January 1, 2012, for $60 each. The fund earns dividends of $2.50 and $4 per share during 2012 and 2013. These are reinvested in the fund. Its realized capital gains in 2012 and 2013 are $4 per share and $5 per share, respectively. The investor sells the shares in the fund during 2014 for $70per share. Explain how the investor is taxed.