A proposed new project has projected sales of $93,500, costs of $47,300, and depreciation of $3,300. The tax rate is 32 percent. Calculate operating cash flow using the four different approaches.

Requirement 1: The common calculation Approach (Do not round your intermediate calculations):

Requirement 2: The Bottom-Up Approach (Do not round your intermediate calculations):

Requirement 3: The Top-Down Approach (Do not round your intermediate calculations):

Requirement 4: The Tax-Shield Approach