1. __________________ A punishment theory and a sentencing goal, generally implemented by incarcerating offenders to prevent them from committing any other crimes.
2. __________________ A system in which the accused is presumed guilty and must prove his or her innocence.
3. __________________ The lawful exercise of authority, and the geographic area in which authority may be exercised.
4. __________________ The power of juries to ignore the evidence and acquit, even in the face of strong evidence supporting a conviction.
5. __________________ Acts morally wrong in themselves, such as rape, murder, or robbery.
6. __________________ Acts that are wrong because they are prohibited by legislation, although they may not be recognized by most people as morally wrong.
7. __________________ A crime that is less serious, punishable by a fine, probation, or a short confinement in a jail.
8. __________________ A step in a judicial proceeding, petitioning a higher court to review a lower court's decision.
9. __________________ The American Law Institute's systemized statement of criminal law that was proposed in 1962. Its provisions are suggested as models for state criminal law revisions.
10. __________________ The body of law that provides the legal methods and procedures by which substantive law is to be enforced.
11. __________________ A government official whose duty is to initiate and maintain criminal proceedings on behalf of the government against persons accused of committing crimes.
12. __________________ Punishment that is prohibited by the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
13. __________________ The philosophy that offenders should receive the punishment they deserve in light of the crimes they committed.
14. __________________ A penalty or punishment that is imposed on a person in order to enforce the law.
15. __________________ Punishment philosophy that attempts to reform the offender through education, work, or other appropriate treatment modalities.
16. __________________ Literally, "let the decision stand."
17. __________________ The statutes that define behavior considered to be a threat to the well-being of society. The accused must be prosecuted by the government.
18. __________________ The process that occurs when appellate courts review and interpret the acts that occur in the lower courts.