A randomly selected group of n = 20 dogs is each provided unlimited food for a 24-hour period. The variable of interest is x = the # pounds of food consumed by a dog in 24 hours. After data collection, it is determined that the sample mean for the 20 sampled dogs is 3.2 pounds with a sample standard deviation of 1.4 pounds. Another 21^st dog is now measured ... a dog that consumes 9.5 pounds in the 24-hour period.

1. What will be the effect of adding this 21^st dog to the statistics that describe the data set?
   1. both the mean and standard deviation will increase.
   2. the mean will increase, but the standard deviation will remain unchanged
   3. the mean will increase, but the standard deviation will decrease
   4. the mean will not change, but the standard deviation will increase
2. The n = 21 data items are used to test the hypothesis that the average unrestricted food consumption of dogs is = 3 pounds, versus the alternative hypothesis that the average unrestricted food consumption of dogs is > 3 pounds. After completing the hypothesis test, the resulting p-value you generate/estimate is p = 2.154; which of the following can be concluded?
   1. the average consumption for dogs is significantly greater than 3 pounds per day.
   2. the average consumption for dogs is significantly less than 3 pounds per day.
   3. the average consumption for dogs is significantly the same as 3 pounds per day.
   4. this p-value is impossible, something is wrong.