A RCMP task force aiming to reduce violence lacked cohesion at first, and even spent several months in conflict. Gradually, it became better organized and effective. The RCMP in the task force worked together well for several years, then the group split up (i.e., dissolved/disbanded). The task force's development is consistent with a ___ model. a. successive-stage b. balance c. hierarchical phase d. punctuated equilibrium e. cyclical