A recent study published in theAmericanJournalofEpidemiologybyMasters,etal.soughttoexaminechangesinmeanlifeexpectancy during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. compared to other countries by race andethnicity.UsingdatafromtheNationalCenterforHealthStatistics NationalVitalStatisticsSystem they found the overall average life expectancy for the United States population declinedfrom 78.85years in 2019to76.44 years in2021. Life expectancy estimatesfromprior yearsindicate the average life expectancy is typically higher among non-Hispanic Asians in the U.S.

Let's assume 52 non-Hispanic Asian individuals living in the U.S. were randomly selected andresearchersfoundthat their meanlifeexpectancywas 84.18 years. Assuming apopulationstandard deviation of 8.2 years and significance level of 0.01, test the claim that the average life expectancy in 2021 was higher among non-Hispanic Asian individuals in the U.S.

If you were told to test the same hypothesis using a sample standard deviation of 8.2,whatcritical valueshouldyouuse?

1. 1.675
2. 2.008
3. 2.402
4. 2.676