A repeated-measures study with a sample of n = 16 participants produces a mean difference of M_D = 3 with a standard deviation of s = 4. Use a two-tailed hypothesis test with = .05 to determine whether this sample provides evidence of a significant treatment effect.

b. Now assume that the sample standard deviation is s = 12 and repeat the hypothesis test.

c. Explain how the size of the sample standard deviation influences the likelihood of finding a significant mean difference.