A research was conducted to see if a urine test could reliably predict top riders' doping status. Subjects were classified as clean (Doping Status = No) or dopers (Doping Status = Yes) based on whether or not they tested positive or negative for prohibited drugs in their urine. Answer the following questions using the final doping dataset.

https://jasp-stats.org/

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Y0sQyWDA7XUGcsVguzAIWOy5laea6a1AI5WZtTZ5nzg/edit?usp=sharing

a. List the independent variable (1 point) and all levels of the independent variable (2 points). List the dependent variable (1 point)

b. If there was absolutely zero effect of the levels of the independent variable, how many mountain bikers would we have expected to have true positives? (2 points)

c. Was there a significant relationship between actual doping status and the urine test outcome (1 point)? What evidence do you have to support your conclusion (1 point)?

d. Use a complete sentence to interpret the sensitivity of the urine test (2 points)

e. Use a complete sentence to interpret the specificity of the urine test (2 points)