A researcher investigated whether a father's level of optimism was predictive of his son's optimism as a young adult. Twenty (20)fathers and sons who agreed to participate in the study were administered a scale measuring their current level of optimism (the scale ranged from 10 to 50), with higher scores indicating greater optimism.

Participant	Father	Son
1	35	40
2	15	31
3	43	28
4	31	29
5	18	42
6	18	35
7	16	48
8	22	39
9	34	49
10	22	38
11	46	35
12	26	28
13	16	19
14	29	45
15	25	26
16	35	41
17	18	37
18	27	30
19	30	25
20	19	25

1.) Is the predictor significant?

Choose your answer:

• No. Since the p-value of 0.77 is greater than 0.05, father's level of optimism is not a significant predictor of his son's optimism as a young adult.
• Yes. Since the p-value of 0.764 is greater than 0.05, father's level of optimism is a significant predictor of his son's optimism as a young adult.
• Yes. Since the p-value of 0.77 is greater than 0.05, father's level of optimism is a significant predictor of his son's optimism as a young adult.
• No. Since the p-value of 0.764 is greater than 0.05, father's level of optimism is not a significant predictor of his son's optimism as a young adult.

2.) What is the effect size for the study?

Choose your answer:

• The effect size of the study is given by R square= 0.01 indicating that 1 % of the variance in son's level of optimism can be accounted for by knowing his father's optimism.
• The effect size of the study is given by R (multiple R) =0.07 indicating that 7 % of the variance in son's level of optimism can be accounted for by knowing his father's optimism.
• The effect size of the study is given by t Stat = 0.30 indicating that 30 % of the variance in son's level of optimism can be accounted for by knowing his father's optimism.
• The effect size of the study is given by Adjusted R square = -.0.05 indicating that 5 % of the variance in son's level of optimism can be accounted for by knowing his father's optimism.

3.) Based on your answer on the previous item, would you characterize the effect size as small, medium, or large?

Choose your answer:

• medium
• large
• small
• cannot be determined