A researcher is interested in studying how exposure to blue spectrum light (the light emitted from smartphones and other technology devices) can influence sleep quality. She randomly assigns one group of participants to use no technology before bed for 1 week, and a second group of participants to look at a smartphone or tablet for 1 hour before bed for 1 week. She compares the groups on their sleep quality and expects that the technology group will have worse sleep quality than those who do not use technology before bed.

1. What is the independent variable?
2. What is the dependent variable?
3. What is the alternative hypothesis for this scenario?

a. H1: m_{no technology} > m_technology

b. H1: u1 = u2 = u3

c. H1: m_{no technology} = m_technology

d. H1: r_xy = 0

e. H1: m_{no technology <} m_technology

1. What is the appropriate test statistic to use to test hypothesis in this scenario?

a. z-test

b. independent samples t-test

c. dependent samples t-test

d. z-score

e. regression

f. One-Way ANOVA

g. Correlation Coefficient