A sample of 5,000 swimmers and 5,000 runners were screened for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The study found that the rate of CVD is 33.3% in swimmers and 30.9% in runners, with a p-value of <0.05. A public campaign is recommended to promote running instead of swimming activities.

Are the recommendations overstated or understated based on the results described in the scenario and what are some methods for addressing and correcting those errors