A sports writer wished to see if a football filled with helium travels farther, on average, than a football filled with air. To test this, the writer used eighteen adult male volunteers. These volunteers were randomly divided into two groups of nine subjects each. Group 1 kicked a football filled with helium to the recommended pressure. Group 2 kicked a football filled with air to the recommended pressure. The mean yardage for Group 1 wasyards with a standard deviationyards. The mean yardage for Group 2 wasyards with a standard deviationyards. Assume the two groups of kicks are independent. Letandrepresent the mean yardage we would observe for the entire population represented by the volunteers if all members of this population kicked, respectively, a helium- and air-filled football.

Assuming two-sampletprocedures are safe to use, testversus

What do we conclude about the gas filling a football?

Select one:

a.Fail to reject the null hypothesis. There is no difference between helium and air.

b.Reject the null hypothesis. Air-filled footballs go farther, on average.

c.Reject the null hypothesis. Helium-filled footballs go farther, on average.