1. A state law sets the mandatory retirement age for police officers at 55 years for males, 52 years for females, and 60 years old for any desk job or dispatch position of either gender. Assume for the purpose of this question only that Annie, a sixty-two-year-old female dispatcher, challenges the law, asserting that it violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Annie's claim will most likely
   1. succeed, because the classification established by the state law is based on gender.
   2. succeed, unless the state law is substantially related to the achievement of important governmental interests.
   3. not succeed, unless the classification is found to be based on benign sex discrimination.
   4. not succeed, because gender discrimination is not based on a suspect classification.