a) State the null and alternative hypothesis of Chi-squared test of independence. b) For cell in school and vw: very willing, what is the expected call count? Based on your answer, calculate (Observed- Expected)2/Expected c) Test statistic is X2 = 9.56. What is the degree of freedom on which X2 is based?

In 2010 the General Social Survey (GSS) asked whether a subject was willing to accept cuts in the standard of living to help the environment, with categories (vw : very willing, fw: fairly willing, nwu: neither willing nor unwilling, now: not very willing, nw: not at all willing). Another question also asked whether the respondent is currently in school or has retired. Help the Environment Status VW fw nwu nvw nw Total in school 14 47 41 43 27 172 retired 34 189 177 169 189 758 Total 48 236 218 212 216 930 a) State the null and alternative hypothesis of Chi-squared test of independence. b) For cell in school and vw: very willing, what is the expected call count? Based on your answer, calculate (Observed- Expected)? /Expected c) Test statistic is X2 = 9.56. What is the degree of freedom on which X is based