A study of 86 savings and loan associations in six northwestern states yielded the following cost function. 2.38 0.006153Q + + 19.2X 0.000005359Q2 (3.16) (3.33) (3.08) (2.96) where C = average operating expense ratio, expressed as a percentage and defined as total operating expense ($ million) divided by total assets ($ million) times 100 percent. Q = output; measured by total assets ($ million) X1 = ratio of the number of branches to total assets ($ million) Note: The number in parentheses below each coefficient is its respective t-statistic. Which of the variable(s) is (are) statistically significant in explaining variations in the average operating expense ratio? (Hint: 10.025,70 = 1.99.) Check all that apply. , Q What type of average cost-output relationship is suggested by these statistical results? Cubic Quadratic Linear Based on these results, what can we conclude about the existence of economies or diseconomies of scale in savings and loan associations in the Northwest? Diseconomies of scale at lower output levels and economies of scale at higher output levels Diseconomies of scale at all output levels Economies of scale at lower output levels and diseconomies of scale at higher output levels Economies of scale at all output levels A study of 86 savings and loan associations in six northwestern states yielded the following cost function. 2.38 0.006153Q + + 19.2X 0.000005359Q2 (3.16) (3.33) (3.08) (2.96) where C = average operating expense ratio, expressed as a percentage and defined as total operating expense ($ million) divided by total assets ($ million) times 100 percent. Q = output; measured by total assets ($ million) X1 = ratio of the number of branches to total assets ($ million) Note: The number in parentheses below each coefficient is its respective t-statistic. Which of the variable(s) is (are) statistically significant in explaining variations in the average operating expense ratio? (Hint: 10.025,70 = 1.99.) Check all that apply. , Q What type of average cost-output relationship is suggested by these statistical results? Cubic Quadratic Linear Based on these results, what can we conclude about the existence of economies or diseconomies of scale in savings and loan associations in the Northwest? Diseconomies of scale at lower output levels and economies of scale at higher output levels Diseconomies of scale at all output levels Economies of scale at lower output levels and diseconomies of scale at higher output levels Economies of scale at all output levels