A swap line is a loan of a source-country currency by the source-country central bank to a recipient-country central bank, keeping the recipient country currency as collateral for the duration of the loan. To support Ukraine during Russias invasion, the Narodowy Bank Polski (NBP), Polands central bank, made a 1 billion USD swap line available in March 2022 to the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU), Ukraines central bank, on the U.S. dollar-hryvnia (UAH) currency pair. UAH is Ukraines national currency. Suppose the NBU engages in a contractual agreement with Poland to obtain 1 billion USD (using UAH as collateral) and swap annual interest payments for 3 years. After two years, NBU will return 1 billion USD and receive back its pledged collateral. Suppose the spot USD/UAH exchange rate is 29.45 and USD and UAH interest rates are 0.25% and 13%, respectively.

a. (2 Point) In this currency swap agreement, does NBU have USD asset or USD liability? Explain.

b. (6 Points) What is the current value of the USD swap leg in terms of UAH?

c. (6 Points) What is the NPV (net present value) of the swap today from perspective of NBU?

d. (6 Points) After 1 years (2 year left), assume that the USD interest rate has increased to 2% (contractionary monetary policy by the Federal Reserve). The exchange rate after one year is 52.23 USD/UAH. What is the value of the swap from the perspective of NBP