a technique by which leaders exhibit behaviors that they expect of other employees

a management philosophy that encourages individual employees to develop their own work priorities that are consistent with organizational goals

workers' monitoring of their own behavior, noting their actions, events, or outcomes and keeping performance records

the use of self$-$imposed work strategies helping to control the daily activities that achieve organizational goals

a set of strategies that help people gain greater control over their lives, commonly including self$-$set goals, self$-$observation, self$-$rewards, self$-$cueing, and self$-$designed jobs

goals that are set at the initiative of the worker, not the manager, and empower workers with a greater sense of personal control

$1.$

self$-$leadership

$2.$

self$-$management

$3.$

role modeling

$4.$

behavioral self$-$management

$5.$

self$-$set goals

$6.$

self$-$observation